Research on the tool influence function characteristics of magnetorheological precession finishing (MRPF).

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) technology is characterized by its high convergence rate and minimal subsurface damage as advantages. However, the non-Gaussian type tool influence function (TIF) it generates may cause mid-frequency errors and oriented surface texture issues. Magnetorheological precession finishing (MRPF) technology capable of generating Gaussian-like removal functions, lacks a clearly defined removal function model. This study acquired polishing spots in tilted polishing, discrete precession, and continuous precession modes via fixed-point polishing experiments. Using Multiphysics simulation software, stress and velocity distribution in the contact area were simulated. A TIF model, incorporating the synergistic effects of pressure and shear force and multiple influence coefficients, was proposed based on velocity characteristics across the three modes. To accurately predict the TIF, surface topographies with varying coefficients were constructed using this model, analyzing the coefficients' impact on the TIF profile. Optimal coefficients were identified using a least fit error algorithm. Further analysis of the TIF's internal textures revealed that the precession mode of MRPF yields superior surface quality, thereby elucidating the material removal mechanism of MRPF and laying a theoretical groundwork for advancing processing technologies.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Associations of LOXL1-4 with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer.

Objective: Invasive breast cancer (BRCA) poses a major challenge to women's health due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Dysregulated Lysine oxidase-like (LOXL) family genes are implicated in tumor progression across malignancies. Understanding the role of Lysine oxidase-like (LOXL) family genes in BRCA is crucial for advancing treatment strategies. Methods: TIMER, Oncomine, TNMplot, TCGA, GTEx and GEPIA datasets were used to investigate LOXL1-4 expression in breast cancer. The UALCAN and HPA datasets were utilized to detect the protein levels of LOXL1-4 in BRCA. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to analyze the prognostic values of LOXL1-4 in BRCA patients. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, conducted through DAVID 6.8 and R, revealed potential biological functions. TIMER was used to explore the link between LOXL1-4 expression and tumor immune infiltration. The cBioPortal dataset was used to analyze LOXL1-4 alterations and CNV-survival links in breast cancer. GSCA was used to assess LOXL1-4's correlations with immune infiltration. LOXL1-4's links to the eight immune checkpoint genes were analyzed using R's pheatmap. Results: Our study revealed that aberrant expression of LOXL1/2/4 in BRCA significantly affects relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), particularly highlighting the prognostic importance of LOXL4. LOXL1-4 displayed substantial relationships with the tumor immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, copy number variations (CNVs) of LOXL1-4 are significantly associated with immune infiltration in BRCA, particularly LOXL2 CNV, which significantly impacts OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Conclusion: The correlation between LOXL1-4 expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in BRCA underscores their potential as biomarkers for prognosis and targets for immunotherapy.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric with Afterglow Emission.

Luminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light-polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long-lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4-methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi-level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities.

Abietane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities from Callicarpa bodinieri.

Nine undescribed abietane diterpenoids (1-9) and eleven known abietane analogs (10-20) were isolated from Callicarpa bodinieri. Their structures were characterized by interpreting spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and ECD analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested by evaluation of their inhibitory effect on NO production by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and compounds 3 and 8 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of 36.35 ± 1.12 and 37.21 ± 0.92 µM. The western blotting studies demonstrated that compound 3 inhibited the expression of nitric oxide synthase and p65 that involved in the NF-κB pathway.

Anti-inflammatory ent-cleistanthane-type diterpenoids from Phyllanthus rheophyticus.

A bioactivity-guided isolation from the aerial parts of Phyllanthus rheophyticus obtained 17 undescribed ent-cleistanthane-type diterpenoids, namely phyllarheophols A-Q, as well as 12 known analogs. Their structures were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic data interpretation, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and their preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed. Further study showed that promising compounds phyllarheophol D and phyacioid B significantly suppressed the expressions of cytokines and nitric oxide synthase through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Diterpenoids with an unusual tricyclo[10.3.0.02,9]pentadecane skeleton from Pedilanthus tithymaloides as multidrug resistance modulators.

Three new diterpenoids with an unusual carbon skeleton, pedilanins A-C (1-3), and nine new jatrophane diterpenoids, pedilanins D-L (4-12), along with five known ones (13-17), were isolated from Pedilanthus tithymaloides. Compounds 1-3 characterize an unprecedented tricyclo[10.3.0.02,9]pentadecane skeleton. Compounds 4-8 are rare examples of the jatrophanes bearing a cyclic hemiketal substructure. Their structures were determined by an extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, quantum-chemical calculation, DP4+ probability, and X-ray crystallographic data. In the bioassay, compounds 1-12 dramatically reversed multidrug resistance in cancer cells with the fold-reversals ranging from 17.9 to 396.8 at the noncytotoxic concentration of 10 µM. The mechanism results indicated that compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter function, thus reversing the drug resistance.

Complete Genome Sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris" QS2022, a Plant Pathogen Associated with Lettuce Chlorotic Leaf Rot Disease in China.

The complete genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris" QS2022, which consists of one 834,303-bp circular chromosome, is presented in this work. This bacterium is associated with lettuce chlorotic leaf rot disease in Fujian Province, China.

Identification of complex and cryptic chromosomal rearrangements by optical genome mapping.

BACKGROUND: Optical genome mapping (OGM) has developed into a highly promising method for detecting structural variants (SVs) in human genomes. Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) and cryptic translocations are rare events that are considered difficult to detect by routine cytogenetic methods. In this study, OGM was applied to delineate the precise chromosomal rearrangements in three cases with uncertain or unconfirmed CCRs detected by conventional karyotyping and one case with a cryptic translocation suggested by fetal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). RESULTS: In the three cases with CCRs, OGM not only confirmed or revised the original karyotyping results but also refined the precise chromosomal structures. In the case with a suspected translocation not detected by karyotyping, OGM efficiently identified the cryptic translocation and defined the genomic breakpoints with relatively high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed OGM as a robust alternative approach to karyotyping for the detection of chromosomal structural rearrangements, including CCRs and cryptic translocations.

Euphohelides A-C, ent-Abietane-Type Norditerpene Lactones from Euphorbia helioscopia and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Three unreported ent-abietane-type norditerpene lactones, euphohelides A-C (1-3), and 11 known analogs (4-14) were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphohelide A (1) is an unprecedented 2-nor-ent-abietane lactone bearing a unique 5/6/6/5 tetracyclic system. Euphohelides B (2) and C (3) possess 2-nor-6/6/6/5 and 2,3-dinor-5/6/6/5 dilactone tetracyclic moieties, respectively. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, computational ECD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. A biomimetic synthesis of 1 was achieved from precursor 4 based on the speculative biogenetic pathway. Compounds 1 and 5 significantly alleviated the release of LPS-induced NO with IC50 values of 32.98 ± 1.13 and 33.82 ± 3.25 µM, which might be related to the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Nicotinic acid bromide: a simple organic salt optical-electrical ferroelastic with high Tc.

A new ferroelastic organic salt nicotinic acid bromide (N-Br) was connected by hydrogen bonding with nicotinic acid cations via a halogen substitution strategy. It exhibits a ferroelastic phase transition from P21/m to P1̄ with 2/mF1̄ Aizu notation with a high Curie temperature (Tc) of 402 K. Moreover, optical regulation from blue light to white light was achieved by halogen substitution.

Metal ion induced dual switchable dielectric and luminescent properties in hybrid halides.

A new multi-functional organic-inorganic hybrid compound was successfully obtained by regulating metal halides. Apart from excellent luminescence properties, in particular, the introduction of a Mn halide successfully achieved a dual-switchable dielectric property, which could lead to very interesting exploration in sensors.

Ferroelasticity in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites.

Molecular ferroelastics have received particular attention for potential applications in mechanical switches, shape memory, energy conversion, information processing, and solar cells, by taking advantages of their low-cost, light-weight, easy preparation, and mechanical flexibility. The unique structures of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been considered to be a design platform for symmetry-breaking-associated order-disorder in lattice, thereby possessing great potential for ferroelastic phase transition. Herein, we review the research progress of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite ferroelastics in recent years, focusing on the crystal structures, dimensions, phase transitions and ferroelastic properties. In view of the few reports on molecular-based hybrid ferroelastics, we look forward to the structural design strategies of molecular ferroelastic materials, as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by molecular-based hybrid ferroelastic materials in the future. This review will have positive guiding significance for the synthesis and future exploration of organic-inorganic hybrid molecular ferroelastics.

The construction of a two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid double perovskite ferroelastic with a high T c and narrow band gap.

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid double perovskites have attracted extensive research interest for their fascinating physical properties, such as ferroelectricity, X-ray detection, light response and so on. In addition, ferroelastics, as an important branch of ferroic materials, exhibits wide prospects in mechanical switches, shape memory and templating electronic nanostructures. Here, we designed a 2D phase-transition double perovskite ferroelastic through a structurally progressive strategy. This evolution is core to our construction process from 0D to 1D and AgBi-based 2D. In this way, we successfully synthesized 2D lead-free ferroelastic (DPA)4AgBiBr8 (DPA = 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-aminium) with a high Curie temperature (T c), which shows a narrower band gap than 0D (DPA)4Bi2Br10 and 1D (DPA)5Pb2Br9. Moreover, the mechanism of structural phase transition and molecular motion are fully characterized by temperature dependent solid-state NMR and single crystal XRD. (DPA)4AgBiBr8 injects power into the discovery of new ferroelastics or the construction and dimensional adjustment in new hybrid double perovskites.

Thermally stimuli-responsive materials with transformable double channels of nonlinear optical and dielectric properties.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have received extensive attention and in-depth research in the past few decades due to their superior properties and potential applications in storage, sensing, dielectric switches, actuators and other information fields. Based on this scientific background, we developed two organic-inorganic hybrids [TMFEA]2CdI4 (compound 1) and [TMFEA]2ZnI4 (compound 2) (TMFEA = trimethylfluoroethylammonium). Both compounds show transformable double channels of nonlinear optical and dielectric properties induced by structural phase transitions, which was proved by the thermal, nonlinear optical, and dielectric phase changes. In addition, the channels can be switched ON and OFF by temperature regulation. This work will provide inspiration and options for the exploration of opto-electrical dual channel components.

Jatrolignans C and D: New Neolignan Epimers from Jatropha curcas.

Two new neolignans jatrolignans, C (1) and D (2), a pair of epimers, were isolated from the whole plants of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). Their structures were determined with HRESIMS, IR, and NMR data analysis, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments via a comparison of the experimental and the calculated ECD spectra. Their antichlamydial activity was evaluated in Chlamydia abortus. They both showed dose-dependent antichlamydial effects. Significant growth inhibitory effects were observed at a minimum concentration of 40 µM.

Dehydration-activated structural phase transition in a two-dimensional hybrid double perovskite.

As a feasible lead-free scheme, organic-inorganic hybrid double perovskites show many excellent properties, including ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, self-powered circularly polarized light detection and so on. In this work, the solid-to-solid structural phase transition of a two-dimensional hybrid double perovskite (CHA)4CuBiI8 was successfully activated via the dehydration of (CHA)4CuBiI8·H2O, which was proven by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-dependent dielectric measurements. Using variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, the cause behind the phase transition of (CHA)4CuBiI8 was determined to be the overall coordination of distortion and movement of the inorganic skeleton and thermal deformation of the cationic structure. In addition, the substance after dehydration shows good stability in multiple reversible switching during dielectric tests. The interesting dehydration-activated results of the material contribute towards a further expansion of the properties and potential application of hybrid double perovskites.

Metal ion modulation triggers dielectric double switching and green fluorescence in A2MX4-type compounds.

Multifunctional switching materials show great potential for applications in sensors, smart switches, and other fields due to their ability to integrate different physical channels in one single device. However, multifunctional responsive materials with multiple switching and luminescence properties have rarely been reported. Here, we report three organic-inorganic hybrids: [TMAA]2[CoCl4] (compound 1), [TMAA]2[CdBr4] (compound 2) and [TMAA]2[MnCl4] (compound 3). Compound 1 and compound 2 undergo two reversible phase transitions at high temperature (328.95/359.25 K and 350.45/393.15 K, respectively). Since the inorganic skeleton has a strong influence on the luminescence properties of such structured substances, Cd and Co were replaced with Mn, after which compound 3 was obtained as expected. The above strategy triggered bright green luminescence with a quantum yield of 35.19%, and significantly increased the phase transition temperature of compound 3 to above 400 K. The above results show that the regulation of the inorganic skeleton provides a new strategy for researchers to develop dual phase change/luminous materials.

Cytotoxic cardenolides from Calotropis gigantea.

Sixteen cardiac glycosides, including five previously undescribed compounds, were extracted and purified from whole plants of Calotropis gigantea (L.). Spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses were used to determine their structures. Calogiganin C is the first naturally occurring example of a cardenolide containing a 7-membered lactone in ring A. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds against A172, U251, AGS, PANC-1, HepG2, HCT116 and NCI-H226 cell lines were evaluated. Four of them exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines, including A172, U251, AGS, PANC-1 and HCT116. Notably, uscharidin and calotropin showed pronounced cytotoxicities at low nanomolar concentrations against A172 and U251 cells, and possible cell death mechanism studies manifested that these two compounds induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which demonstrated promising anticancer potential.

Case Report: Low-Level Maternal Mosaicism of a Novel CREBBP Variant Causes Recurrent Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome in Two Siblings of a Chinese Family.

Familial Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) with recurrent RSTS siblings and apparently unaffected parents is rare; such cases might result from parental somatic and/or germline mosaicism. Parental low-level (<10%) germline mosaicism in the CREBBP-associated RSTS family has not been reported. Here, we present our studies of a Chinese family with two RSTS siblings and apparently unaffected parents. We detected the apparent de novo variant (DNV) c.3235C>T (p.Gln1079*) in CREBBP in the siblings via trio whole-exome sequencing. High-depth next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the parents revealed a low-level (<10%) mosaic variant in both the peripheral blood (3.64%) and buccal mucosa (1.94%) of the unaffected mother, indicating maternal somatic and germline mosaicism. Peripheral blood RNA-sequencing analysis for the patients and normal individuals indicated that the c.3235C>T (p.Gln1079*) non-sense variant did not trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay to reduce CREBBP mRNA levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed 151 downregulated mRNAs and 132 upregulated mRNAs between the patients and normal individuals. This study emphasizes that high-depth NGS using multiple specimens might be applied for a family with an affected sibling caused by an apparent CREBBP DNV to identify potential low-level parental mosaicism and provide an assessment of recurrence risk.

Observation of Transition from Ferroelasticity to Ferroelectricity by Solvent Selective Effect in Anilinium Bromide.

Organic ferroelectrics are highly desirable for their light weight, mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. However, the rational design of organic ferroelectrics has always faced great challenges. Anilinium bromide (AB) has two structures reported in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, which might be an mmmF2/m type ferroelastic (AB-1). When we studied its ferroelasticity, we were surprised to discover that there was another crystal (AB-2) in H2 O besides this one, and they were very difficult to separate. By changing the solvent, we found that AB-1 crystals could be formed in ethanol, where ferroelastic domains were visualized by polarized light microscopy, and AB-2 crystals could be obtained from various crystallization solvents of methanol, isopropanol, N-butanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide, which undergo a ferroelectric phase transition with mm2Fm, showing clear ferroelectricity in two phases. To our knowledge, the regulation of ferroelasticity to ferroelectricity by solvent selective effect is unprecedented in the field of ferroelectrics. This work reveals the important role of solvent effect in organic ferroelectrics.